The concept of ballast life is presented with a relationship between ballast quality and grading CP Rail specifications for the selection of a ballast material and the processing of ballast are also presented The economics of selecting a track ballast is a function of production
The concept of ballast life is presented with a relationship between ballast quality and grading CP Rail specifications for the selection of a ballast material and the processing of ballast are also presented The economics of selecting a track ballast is a function of production
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According to the Certified Ballast Manufacturers Association the average magnetic ballast lasts about 75000 hours or 12 to 15 years with normal use The optimum economic life of a fluorescent lighting system with magnetic ballasts is usually about 15 years
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A relatively optimal grading for ballast was proposed to improve its deformation and degradation performances under cyclic loading with high frequency which would further increase the lifecycle of ballast and therefore reduce the maintenance cost of ballasted rail track
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ballast grading and ballast life shreeshaktiin final Office of Rail and Road Apr 15 2008 This work considers average service lives of rail sleeper Track ballast Wikipedia Track ballast forms the trackbed upon which railroad ties sleepers are laid It is packed between below and around the ties
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The ballast layer is one of the key components contributing to the life and performance of the railway track While in service the ballast bed is subject to deformation settlement and lateral flow and degradation due to traffic loading
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Grading has long been recognised to critically influence the mechanical behaviour of ballast To identify the ballast grading for heavyhaul rail track monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests are conducted to assess the performances of different gradings
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Jul 07 2016 · Unlike rapid start ballasts though instant start ballasts start up lights with a surge of energy that causes more stress on the bulb and shortens its life span This isnt effectively much of a problem when youre just turning lights on once or twice a day but you wouldnt use these ballasts in frequent onoff locations
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railroad ballast sizing and grading The specified top size and grading or grain size distribution of railroad ballast affects its method of production and its performance in track Both parameters affect any economic evaluation of ballast as such it is essential to optimize both
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Ballast loading records shall be maintained based on one of the following methods Measured weights using certified loading scales of the loaded hoppers or of the ballast passing through the device used to load the ballast directly into the hoppers
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The ballast must have high wear and abrasive qualities to withstand the impact of traffic loads without excessive degradation Excessive abrasion loss of an aggregate will result in reduction of particle size fouling of the ballast section reduction of drainage and loss of supporting strength of the ballast section
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Ballast factor is calculated by dividing the lumen output of a lampballast combination by the lumen output of the same lamps on a reference ballast A ballast factor of 1 means that your fluorescent system will produce less light lumens than the reference ballast and a
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Research into ballast grading will build on and complement recent and current projects investigating the development and role of ballast structure EPF062591 and breakage GRS14122 Work will commence with an extensive literature and practice review of ballast specifications used in the UK and abroad during which current practice and the
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electronic ballasts including lamp flicker tar leakage and a shorter life expectancy Electronic ballasts virtually eliminate lamp flicker do not leak and have a 20year life expectancy Table 1 Federal legislation introduced in 2005 regulates the ballast performance for 1 and 2lamp ballasts essen
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Even if an LED only lasts 20 years the savings in lamp replacement maintenance ballast replacement and most significantly labor easily justifies the expense of upgrading to the new fixture Couple that with not having to replace a failed unit at an inconvenient time and the positive effect on the environment of eliminating all of that mercury and there is no question that LEDs are the only way to go
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Jul 07 2016 · Ballasts with a high ballast factor can help in this goal by driving more light from fewer fixtures Ballast factor typically runs between about 70 and 120 which means that a ballast can run a lamp on up to 30 less energy and produce 30 less light or up to 20 more energy with 20 greater lumen output You should also note that a single ballast may have more than one ballast factor
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The ballast provides a high initial voltage to initiate the discharge then rapidly limits the lamp current to safely sustain the discharge Lamp manufacturers specify lamp electrical input characteristics lamp current starting voltage current crest factor etc required to
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Ballasts are rated by the type and number of bulbs the fixture holds The light output is determined by the “ballast factor” This information is on the ballast label A high ballast factor means more lumens but also more energy consumption and shorter bulb life Ballasts also come in
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Identification of ballast grading for rail track Abstract Grading has long been recognised to critically influence the mechanical behaviour of ballast To identify the ballast grading for heavyhaul rail track monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests are conducted to assess the performances of different gradings
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The primary component of ballasted track on which maintenance is concentrated is the ballast itself Ballast must fulfill the two competing requirements of achieving high permeability for rapid drainage and high stiffness for spreading train loads efficiently to the subbase
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The concept of ballast life is presented with a relationship between ballast quality and grading CP Rail specifications for the selection of a ballast material and the processing of ballast are also presented
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resistant ballast bed well laid and compacted on a stable compact subballast and subgrade is the first condition for low maintenance expenditures Ballast must be capable of withstanding many forces Extremely large cyclic loadings vibrations of varying frequencies and intensities repeated
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Ballast factor is calculated by dividing the lumen output of a lampballast combination by the lumen output of the same lamps on a reference ballast A ballast factor of 1 means that your fluorescent system will produce less light lumens than the reference ballast and a factor of 1 means it will produce more light
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The ballast generates heat and this combined with the lamp heat plus general ambient conditions increases the temperature of the ballast and the capacitors in the enclosure All Holophane ballasts are fabricated using 180°C wire and insulation The temperature rating of components can actually be increased by derating the life of the component
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Jul 19 2019 · That said you can run most T12s off an electronic ballast so if you think your lamps still have a lot of life in them this is an option 2 Switch to an electronic ballast switch to a T8 fluorescent As mentioned above if youre going to climb a ladder to do a ballast change out you may as well carry a lamp up there with you
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To achieve full rated light output and rated lamp life from a fluorescent lighting system a ballast’s output characteristics must precisely match the electrical requirements of the lamps it operates Traditionally ballasts are designed to operate a specific number usually one to four and type of lamp such as a fourfoot T8 lamp at a
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Now there is a new ballast technology that can extend fluorescent lamp life by more than 50 percent in these application scenarios reducing energy and replacement costs The programmed start ballast incorporates a starting method which is gentler on the lamp than either the rapid or instant start ballasts
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Trabant Solar’s Ballast Foundation is an innovative solution to combat a variety of issues found on most solar project site Most singleaxis trackers require a project site to be completely level which is a time consuming process and results in significant amounts of dust throughout the life of the project
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Thus significant benefits would accrue from a more robust track design having a longer service life and reduced maintenance requirements This paper presents the results from a laboratory study and explores the potential to achieve this through improving the ballast grading and reducing the
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